[Ashurato]

uuum, ~tari~tarishimasu
- Basically used when you're trying to say you're doing more than one thing.
学校で寝たり、習ったりします。
Gakkou de netari, narattari shimasu.
- You sleep and learn at school.

Oh god the modifying nouns thing. @_@ ~dies~
- Elaborate for me?

Difference between Hearsay (plain form+soudesu) and making inferences (adj drop I add soudesu)
- 先生がくるそうです。I heard the teacher is coming.
- 甘そうです。I heard it was sweet.
This should be pretty self-explanatory.

Remembering te forms. FFF te forms. I hate them.
on going and resultant states te-form+imasu
- Memorization is key. Other than the few irregular forms (like for する and くる, etc.), they all tend to follow the conjugation.

And then the then the "make" and "become (naru and suru)
- ~になる。- Will become. (Usually without outside interference.) The caterpillar will become a butterfly.
- ~にする。- Will make. (Usually with outside interference.) I will make the caterpillar become a butterfly.