Trisphee - Study Japanese

Again - another long overdue lesson - sorry guys. But now that I'm done for the summer, things should pick up. ^^

Anywho, as I stated in the last lesson I will be introduce negative, past, and past negative conjugations for adjectives. But first - here is a worksheet for todays lesson!:

http://www.mediafire.com/?776ktgz7jm88v7e .docx
http://www.mediafire.com/?gja6hb9p8u90owr .doc

So first things first I will go through conjugations, then give you some new vocab! PLUSSSSS - and this is why I will call this my first full lesson - I am putting in new particles! /oooooo/

First things first: Conjugation!

In the previous lesson - located here - I introduced you to the three main tenses besides present: Present Negative, Past Affirmative, and Past Negative. However, last time I only introduced you to how to conjugate nouns - not adjectives or verbs. Well today's is ALL ABOUT ADJECTIVES! (We will get to the verbs soon enough~)

"Well what kind of adjectives are there?" you may ask. That is a good question. In a previous list of vocabulary, I wrote the two different kinds: い-adjectives and -adjectives. The first I will explain are い-adjectives.

い-adjectives end with an い. That's how they get their name. The stem is everything before . However - do not assume an い-adjective is い just because it ends with it. As an example きれい(kirei) is a な-adjective. The way to tell in my opinion is when it is conjugated. Or if you can see the kanji. If the kanji has an い after it and it is an adjective - then probably is an い-adjective. But the best way is to memorize them. It's kind of harsh saying that but there are many tricky ones.

Anywho! We will begin with how to conjugate い-adjectives.

For these examples I will use the same sentence pattern - A は B　です。 But I will put in words this time so you can really see how it is conjugated.

Pt1!!! - Present Negative (aka negative)
PrAf: あさごはんはおいしいです。 Asagohan wa oishii desu.　Breakfast is delicious.
PrNe: あさごはんはおいしくないです。 Asagohan wa oishikunai desu. Breakfast is not delicious.

For this change to happen you must switch the final い (i) in the い-adjective with くない (kunai). A little hint - if you take away the い　(i) then what you have is called the "stem" of an い-adjective.

Pt2!!! - Past Affirmative (aka past)
PrAf: あさごはんはおいしいです。 Asagohan wa oishii desu.　Breakfast is delicious.
PaAf: あさごはんはおいしかったです。 Asagohan wa oishikatta desu. Breakfast was delicious.

To make an い-adjective past tense you simply take the stem (-い(i)) and add かった（Katta). Notice you do not change the です but instead change the actual adjective.

Pt3!!! - Past Negative
PrAf: あさごはんはおいしいです。 Asagohan wa oishii desu.　Breakfast is delicious.
PaNe: あさごはんはおいしくなかったです。 Asagohan wa oishikunakatta desu. Breakfast was not delicious.

Now to do past negative tense for an い-adjective you kind of combine both. You first conjugate it into a negative by dropping the い(i) and adding くない(kunai). Then you drop the い(i) in くない(kunai) and add かった（Katta).

The reason these adjectives are called な-adjectives because if they go before a noun you add a な. Anyways, now here is where you are in luck! な-adjectives are conjugated the same as nouns! So here is what was said in the previous lesson for nouns!

Pt 1!!! - Past Affirmative (aka past tense)
PrAf: AはBです。　A wa B desu. (present affirmative AKA present tense)
PaAf: AはBでした。　A wa B deshita. (Past affirmative)

You see what I changed? The ending.. Well for the sake of this I will call it a 'verb' even though it really isn't, Changed~ So to make a regular sentence past you change it from です(desu) To でした(deshita)。

Pt2!!! -　Present Negative (aka negative)
PrAf: AはBです。A wa B desu.
PrNe: AはBじゃないです。 A wa B ja nai desu.
PrNe2: AはBじゃありません。 A wa B ja arimasen.

In order to change a positive simple sentence to negative you simply add じゃない(ja nai) after the noun or な-adjective in position B. If you put it where A is （before the は）not only does it sound funny but it isn't correct either.

Option 2: In this option you change the です(desu) to あります(arimasu). That is the verb to be (inanimate objects) and to have (not the same as to own though). And then we change the あります(arimasu) to ありません(arimasen). This will make it negative. You also make sure there is a じゃ(ja) following the noun.

Pt3!!! - Past Negative (no aka)
PrAf:　AはBです。　A wa B desu.
PaNe:　AはBじゃなかったです。　A wa B ja nakatta desu.
PaNe２：　AはBじゃありませんでした。　A wa B ja arimasen deshita.

So ask you can see the じゃない (ja nai) became じゃなかった(ja nakatta)。 Do you see the difference? If not, the ending い(i) of the じゃない(ja nai) became かった(katta).　Now that is using the first option as shown in pt 2 as well.

Option 2: We take the じゃありません(ja arimasen) and combine it with the past affirmative that was shown in part 1. So you take present negative + past affirmative and you get past negative!

PARTICLE TIME!!
The particles I will introduce today are で、に、 and へ． However, the first of the three will be に．

Particle に
This particle is used to show several different things such as exact time, days of the week, and direction (which consists of 3 different subcategories). Today I will only be going over the exact time, days of the week and one subcategory of direction.

If you want to show exact time - i.e. 3:30, 1:28 - you first need to make the time which is done like this:

hour: # + じ（Ji）
minute: # + ふん（ぷん（Fun,pun Depending on numb））

Then you combine them like you would in english: hour first then minutes. Now to use に you simply add it after the time in a sentence with a verb (i.e. 学校へ９時に行きます。がっこうへくじにいきます。Gakkou e kuji ni ikimasu. I will go to school at 9 o'clock.（I will cover へ in afterwards)）．＊＊If you want to simply tell time then you need not use に．All you need is to add the time plus です。This rule does not apply to saying "this morning, tomorrow, yesterday, this week”. There are times where it is appropriate （which will be explained later） but for now - do not put に after any of those！！

に also shows the days of the week. It is just like time in that you put it following the word for whichever day of the week you are trying to say. The days of the week are as follows:

日曜日-にちようび-Nichiyoubi-Sunday
月曜日-げつようび－Getsuyoubi-Monday
火曜日-かようび-Kayoubi-Tuesday
水曜日-すいようび-Suiyoubi-Wednesday
木曜日-もくようび-Mokuyoubi-Thursday
金曜日-きんようび-Kinyoubi-Friday
土曜日-どようび-Doyoubi-Saturday

This is an absolute rule where no matter what you should always use に after the days of the week. Well, perhaps the only exception might be casual conversation but until you can keep up with a japanese youth - i.e. young adult - I would say don't do it.

Finally, に also shows direction. The specific type of direction I am going to cover right now is The Direction in which the Target is Moving Towards. So for example, say you are going to go to the library.　

図書館に行きます。としょかんにいきます。Toshokan ni ikimasu. I will go to the library.

You are going to go in the direction of the library. It's a very easy concept I think. Well until I introduce the next particle.

Particle へ
へ is also a particle that shows direction. But it shows more of a place where に shows more of an activity. However, when using いきます、かえります、きます、and もどります you can interchangeably use へ and に（Or so I was taught）。 Well for a place. To show an activity - you should use に。

But here is an example:

友達は私の家へ来ます。
ともだちはわたしのいえへきます。
Tomodachi wa watashi no ie e kimasu.
A friend will come to my house.

Particle で
This particle also has a couple meanings but for now we will be working on it's meaning of at. So for this you choose a place and then follow it with で and follow up the rest of the sentence of what went on at said place.　For example:

学校でサッカーをします。
がっこうでさっかーをします。
Gakkou de sakka wo shimasu.
I will do soccer at school.

So that is it for particles! I am sorry if this feels a little rushed！！

Now onto our vocab list!

Time related vocabulary
時　とき　Toki Time
～時　～じ　～Ji　～O'clock
何時　なんじ　Nanji　What Time
午前　ごぜん　Gozen　AM (goes before the time、 If in english it would AM 10 O'clock)
午後　ごご　Gogo　PM (")
日曜日　にちようび　Nichiyoubi　Sunday
月曜日　げつようび　Getsuyoubi　Monday
火曜日　かようび　Kayoubi　Tuesday
水曜日　すいようび　Suiyoubi　Wednesday
木曜日　もくようび　Mokuyoubi　Thursday
金曜日　きんようび　Kinyoubi　Friday
土曜日　どようび　Doyoubi　Saturday
明日　あした　Ashita　Tomorrow
今日　きょう　Kyou　Today
昨日　きのう　Kinou　Yesterday
明後日　あさって　Asatte　The day after tomorrow
一昨日　おととい　Ototoi　The day before yesterday
今晩　こんばん　Konban　Tonight
今朝　けさ　Kesa　This morning

Nouns
木　き　Ki　Tree
林　はやし　Hayashi　Thicket
森　もり　Mori　Forest
文房具　ぶんぼうぐ　Bunbougu　Stationary
消しゴム　けしごむ　Keshigomu　Eraser
鉛筆　えんぴつ　Enpitsu　Pencil
ペン　ぺん　Pen　Pen
本　ほん　Hon　Book
ノート　のおと　Nooto　Notebook
辞書　じしょ　Jisho　Dictionary
紙　かみ　Kami　Paper
黒板　こくばん　Kokuban　Blackboard
薄板　はくばん　Hakuban　Whiteboard
机　つくえ　Tsukue　Desk
テーブル　てえぶる　Teeburu　Table
椅子　いす　Isu　Chair
ドア　どあ　Doa　Door
窓　まど　Mado　Window
カーテン　かあてん　Kaaten　Curtain
電気　でんき　Denki　Light
テレビ　てれび　Terebi　TV
ビデオ　びでお　Bideo　Video

Places
お手洗い・トイレ　おてあらい・といれ　Otearai/toire　Restroom
レストラン　れすとらん　Resutoran　Restaurant
喫茶店　きっさてん　Kissaten　Coffee Shop
銀行　ぎんこう　Ginkou　Bank
図書館　としょかん　Toshokan Library
郵便局　ゆうびんきょく　Yuubinkyoku　Post office

Expressions
いらっしゃいませ　Irasshaimase　Welcome
いくらですか　Ikura desu ka　How much?
（を）おねがいします　（Wo）Onegaishimasu　＿＿＿＿＿　Please
（を）ください　（Wo）Kudasai　Please give me ＿＿＿＿＿
（を）どうぞ　（Wo）Douzo　Here it is.
じゃあ　Jyaa　Then,
どうも　Doumo　Thank you

Here is a cookie if you stayed with this~
クッキをどうぞ～